What is default gateway in linux

How To Add or Change Default Route or Default Gateway in Ubuntu, Linux?

Systems connected to the network will generally access to the internet. In order to access to the internet they need some network configuration like gateway or default gateway. In this tutorial we will examine how to add or change default gateway in Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Fedora, Mint, Kali operating systems.

List Routing Table

Routing table is used to route IP network communication. Hosts generally uses default route to send packages which will redirect them accordingly to transmit destination. We will start by listing current routing table. We will use ip route show command like below.

List Routing Table

Our default gateway line is

• default means this line is default gateway
• via 192.168.122.1 specifies next hop which is default gateway IP address
• dev ens3 is the interface we want use to access default gateway

Remove Existing Default Gateway

Removing default gateway is easy if we list routing table because routing table line is used with del command like below. But keep in mind if you are connecting system remotely from different network which means if you are using default route you connection will be lost.

• ip route del is our key line which deletes specified default gateway
• default via 192.168.122.1 dev ens3 is the same as routing table

Add New Default Gateway

As stated previously default gateway is used to send packages in order to transmit to the destination. We can add new default gateway with the ip route add command like below.

• ip route add will add provided default gateway
• default means target network is all which is default
• via 192.168.1.1 is our default gateway network address
• dev ens3 is network interface for default gateway

Check

List routing table again and ping some of remote networks will give the status of default gateway

How To Add or Change Default Route or Default Gateway in Ubuntu, Linux? Infografic

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Ubuntu Linux Find Out Default Gateway / Route

H ow do I find out default gateway IP address (default router IP assigned) for my Ubuntu Linux systems?

A router is nothing but device that moves data between computer networks. If you have an internet connection at home or office, you may have a router installed by your ISP. Some people have all-in-one router that connects to the Internet and shares internet and other LAN resources via WiFi. Typically, the first router in your home/office is used by computer and mobile devices to access internet access. It is also known as a default gateway as it is your gateway to the internet. Let us see how to find out your Gateway on Ubuntu.

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	No
Requirements	Ubuntu Linux Terminal app
Est. reading time	3 minutes

Ubuntu Linux Finding Out Default Gateway / Route Table

Use the route command or ip command to get default routing table (Gateway) for Ubuntu Linux using the command-line option. Open the terminal and then type the following commands.
route -n
Sample routing table. Always look for UG flag:

Destination for 0.0.0.0 is set to 192.168.2.1 via wlan0 interface i.e. 192.168.2.1 is default gateway. If you just type the route command with the -n switch it show word default instead of 0.0.0.0:
route
Here is what we see:

Possible flags and their meaning in Ubuntu Linux routing table:

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• U : route is up
• H : target is a host
• G : use gateway
• R : reinstate route for dynamic routing
• D : dynamically installed by daemon or redirect
• M : modified from routing daemon or redirect
• A : installed by addrconf
• C : cache entry
• ! : reject route

The ip command

The following command does the same thing as route is now replaced by the ip tool:
ip route show
My routing table on Ubuntu Linux:

Here is another output showing various interfaces, subnets (CIDR) and their gateways:

Want to see default gateway for the 10.8.0.1, 1.1.1.1 and 192.168.2.17 IP address? Try:
$ ip -c route get 10.8.0.1
$ ip -c route get 1.1.1.1
$ ip -c route get 192.168.2.17

Conclusion

We explained how to obtain default gateway and routing able on Ubuntu Linux using route and ip commands. However, we strongly recommend that you use the ip command instead of the route command. Please man pages for more information by typing the following man command:
$ man ip
$ man route

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Linux setup default gateway with route command

[donotprint]

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	Yes
Requirements	None
Est. reading time	5m

[/donotprint]The route command manipulates the kernel’s IP routing tables. Its primary use is to set up static routes to specific hosts or networks via an interface after it has been configured with the ifconfig program. When the add or del options are used, route modifies the routing tables. Without these options, route displays the current contents of the routing tables.

Display default route

Following three-command display the current routing table:
# route
Output:

OR
$ /sbin/route
Output:

You can use -n option, to display numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host names (via dns or /etc/hosts file). This is useful if you are trying to determine why the route to your nameserver has vanished.
$ /sbin/route -n Output:

Please note that a destination entry 0.0.0.0 (or default) is the default gateway. In above example 191.255.255.1 is a default gateway.

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Add / setup a new route

The syntax is as follows:

• IP-ADDRESS: Specify router IP address
• INTERFACE-NAME: Specify interface name such as eth0

For example if your router IP address is 192.168.1.254 type the following command as the root user:
# route add default gw 192.168.1.254 eth0
OR use hostname such as dsl-router:
# route add default gw dsl-router eth0
Or use the ip command (newer syntax) to route all traffic via 192.168.1.254 gateway connected via eth0 network interface:
# ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0
OR
# ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.254

Setting route using GUI tools/command under Linux

If you find above command hard to use, consider using GUI tools. If your are using Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora core Linux type following command: # redhat-config-network OR If you are using other Linux distribution use command: # network-admin

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Network routes in Linux

Published: June 1, 2017 | Modified: June 24, 2020

Learn networking basics in the Linux server. What is the network route, how to check routes, how to define static and default routes in the Linux system?

Network routes on Linux servers are the paths or gateways packets should follow to reach their destinations. Routes can be configured on interface level and system level. The default route is also known as default gateway is the IP where the packet should discover their path if the current network or interface (from which packet originated on the server) does not know the path for destination IP. This article is about discussing network routes in Linux. It will cover how to define the network route for the network interface, where and how to define the default route or default gateway in Linux etc.

How to check current routes on system?

Current routes on system can be viewed using below commands.

You can observe 172.31.0.1 is defined as default gateway on above system.

How to configure static route in Linux?

In RHEL: You need to edit below parameters in the config file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ethX .

• gateway is the default gateway for this interface
• the netmask is a subnet mask value
• ipaddr is the IP address of this interface

Caution : Do not change gateways on live production system.

In Debian: You can put your route in the file /etc/network/interfaces under the intended interface.

In all Linux systems you can use ip route command to define the static route. Command syntax is :

where, ip-address is IP of host or interface and dest-address is next HOP address i.e. route IP

How to configure default gateway in Linux?

In RHEL: Define default gateway IP against GATEWAY parameter in /etc/sysconfig/network file and then restart network service.

In Debian: Define default gateway IP against gateway parameter in /etc/network/interfaces file and then restart network service.

Or you can try these commands on any Linux (ex gateway as 10.10.0.1).

Once set verify the default gateway with commands shown at the beginning of this article.

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How Do I Find Out My Linux Gateway / Router IP Address?

H ow do I find out my gateway IP for a computer or a network device that allows or controls access to another computer or network under Linux / UNIX-like operating systems? How can I find out my Linux Gateway / Router IP address using the CLI?

A gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network. On the Internet, a node or stopping point can be either a gateway node or a host (end-point) node. Both the computers of Internet users and the computers that serve pages to users are host nodes.

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	Yes
Requirements	ip/route/netstat
Est. reading time	Less than a minute

The computers that control traffic within your company’s network or at your local Internet service provider (ISP) are gateway nodes. In the network for an enterprise, a computer server acting as a gateway node is often also acting as a proxy server and a firewall server. A gateway is often associated with both a router, which knows where to direct a given packet of data that arrives at the gateway, and a switch, which furnishes the actual path in and out of the gateway for a given packet.

Command to find out my Linux Gateway / Router IP address using ip command

The latest version of all Linux distribution based upon systemd. These Linux distros user can use the ip command to find out router IP address.
ip r
ip route

From the above output it is clear that 10.105.28.1 is the default gateway IP address.

How to find default Gateway IP in Linux

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Find out Gateway / router IP address under Linux / UNIX using route command

You need to use the router command command. This command can manipulate the kernel’s IP routing tables. It can also be used to print gateway/router IP address. Type the following command to see default gateway.
$ route -n
Sample outputs:

192.168.1.1 is gateway IP address for our computer. The flag U indicates that route is up and G indicates that it is gateway. You can print gateway name, enter:
$ route
Sample output:

Second column prints Gateway hostname / IP address. In our example wrt is gateway.

netstat command example to find out gateway/router IP on Unix/FreeBSD/OpenBSD/macOS

Open a terminal and type the following command:
$ netstat -r -n
Sample outputs:

route and netstat command demo

Animated gif 01: Use route and netstat command to find out default gateway/router IP address on Linux

Conclusion

I hope you learned about finding the default gateway IP in the Linux command-line option. Let us know if you need any more help in the comment section below.

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Comments on this entry are closed.

The route command you mentioned helps solve my problem. Thanks!

Thank you very much for the information……….

an add , if allowed :
the command “netstat -r” could also reached the same result.

in our college we have linux proxy server for internet, troughe is a bsnl DSL router. router ip is chenged by our administrator so, i just want to know router ip from my pc which have windows xp for direct internet acsses, can u tell me what i have to do for this? plzzzzzzzzzzz help me.

there is a way, use a software called colasoft capsa on your computer. It will give all the IP address in use, now try each IP address you think may be a gateway and you will get to the internet. But I just want to know which BSNL router you are using?

There is one more issue that if you are going through linux proxy server, it is difficult to go through it, remember it is difficult not impossible. Just you have to go 1 step ahead your administrator

i’m working in corporate office … i want to know ip address of router even some of them told that default gateway is the ip address i telnet it but not connecting … how i have to found the ip address . send to my mail if u have the idea

Let me clear you can not telnet each device on the network. So try ping command first
syntex is
ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

i tried that but it does not have anything except a (*) in the gateway column. what should I do?

How to find gateways of multiple intrefaces? I have two interfaces, one is default, and it’s OK, but I need gateway of second interface …

For some reason, when I type the router’s IP address in a Firefox address bar, it doesn’t show up… any tips for solving this annoyance?

Hello Vivek,
Is there a way to get version, model number and other pertinent info of Linksys router via linux? I have an ancient router with the relevant tags scratched up.
Thanks!

Just open the router settings, you will get the model number and versions their

thank you very much .Information is very needful.

Access Denied Help Me PLzzzzzZZZZzzzzz

Add “sudo” before it.

sudo cant work if user is not added in sudoers file

Thanks for the information ! Very helpful!

thank u so much… it was very helpful

THX man. learning linux now and i like it. it is so complex, so many things to learn 😀

Hi. I ve seen a couple of very helpful replies here so I was hoping to get an answer to my problem here.

I am located in Japan and got my self an internet contract. It looks like a DSL router. Though I am not sure what I actually ordered. The usual way to establish connection is only by a CD on Windows. I am pretty sure I can somehow make that darn thing work with Ubuntu as well, I just dont know how.

If editing a DSL connection to the Network Manager it still doesnt work. But I am not very skilled with that. There I tiped in my User data and thats it. I dont know wether of how to fill out the PPPoE or do it automatically. I also wouldnt know the addresse to fill in here.

Then I also tried some sudo pppoe config command but that wouldnt help me either. Afterwards I would always have to get to the etc/network/interfaces file to set everything back so that it wouldnt take 10 times longer to start the laptop cause of the wrong network configurations.

I thought to myself it could be done by accessing the router with an Windows Laptop, but I dont know my neighbours too well to borrow one. However do you think that might be a solution as well ?

Thanks for your comments in advance

if you plug the router in and turn it on, plug a network cable between your linux computer, it should connect just by using DHCP… The CDs ISPs give out have bloatware like anti-virus, online backup storage (never enough!), dumb wireless managers etc. A network is a netowrk, and there is no need for all the software on the CD…

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