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Oracle Linux: The best Linux for your enterprise

About Oracle Linux

The Oracle Linux operating system is engineered for open cloud infrastructure. It delivers leading performance, scalability, reliability and security for enterprise SaaS and PaaS workloads as well as traditional enterprise applications. Unlike many other commercial Linux distributions, Oracle Linux is easy to download and completely free to use, distribute and update. Read on to get started.

Download Oracle Linux

Oracle Linux is available to download, for free, in various forms. Get started here.

Installing Software from this Yum Server

Developing with Oracle Linux

Interested in developing with Node.js, Python, Go or PHP? Learn how to get started below:

Oracle Instant Client: Connect your Application to Oracle Database

Learn how to install Oracle Instant Client packages from this yum server to connect your application to Oracle Database.

Adding EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)

Oracle Linux yum server hosts packages from EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux). Read how to install them.

Developing Cloud Native Applications

Are you developing microservice-based applications? Deploying and orchestrating containers? Oracle Linux Cloud Native Environment is a fully integrated suite for the development and management of cloud-native applications. Learn how to install and use it here.

Browse the Repositories

In addition to the above, there are a wealth of other packages available on this server. Browse the repositories below.

Tutorials, Hands-On Labs and Documentation

Dig a little deeper with hand-on labs, tutorial videos, or the Oracle Linux documentation:

If you need Support.

This yum server is offered without support of any kind. Peer support is available via the Oracle Linux Community If you require support, please consider purchasing Oracle Linux Support via the Oracle Store, or via your sales representative.

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OracleВ® Linux 6

Administrator’s Solutions Guide

The software described in this documentation is either in Extended Support or Sustaining Support. See https://www.oracle.com/us/support/library/enterprise-linux-support-policies-069172.pdf for more information.
Oracle recommends that you upgrade the software described by this documentation as soon as possible.

2.3.3В Downloading the Oracle Linux Yum Server Repository Files

The Oracle Linux yum server provides a direct mapping of all of the Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) channels that are available to the public without any specific support agreement. The repository labels used for each repository on the Oracle Linux yum server map directly onto the channel names on ULN. See Oracle В® Linux: Unbreakable Linux Network User’s Guide for Oracle Linux 6 and Oracle Linux 7 for more information about the channel names and common suffixes used for channels and repositories.

Prior to January 2019, Oracle shipped a single yum repository configuration file for each Oracle Linux release. This configuration file is copied into /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo at installation, but can also be downloaded from the Oracle Linux yum server directly to obtain updates.

The original configuration file is deprecated in favor of modular repository files that are managed and updated automatically via yum in the form of RPM packages that are more targeted in scope. For example, core repository configuration files required for Oracle Linux 6 are available in the oraclelinux-release-el6 package. This package includes all of the repository configuration required to install base packages for the release, including packages from the ol6_latest , ol6_addons repositories and all of the supported repositories for UEK.

The modular yum repository configuration files released as packages that can be maintained via yum can help to simplify repository management and also ensure that your yum repository definitions are kept up to date automatically, whenever you update your system.

A list of all available RPM files to manage all of the possible yum repository configurations for your release can be obtained by running:

Читайте также: Windows boot disc files

To install the yum repository configuration for a particular set of software that you wish to use, use yum to install the corresponding package. For example, to install the yum repository configuration for the Oracle Linux Software Collection Library, run:

If your system is still configured to use the original single yum repository configuration file at /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo , you should update your system to transition to the current approach to handling yum repository configuration. To do this, ensure that your system is up to date and then run the /usr/bin/ol_yum_configure.sh script:

The /usr/bin/ol_yum_configure.sh script checks the /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo file to determine which repositories are already enabled and installs the appropriate corresponding packages before renaming the original configuration file to /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo.sav to disable it in favor of the more recent modular repository configuration files.

If, for some reason, you manage to remove all configuration to access the Oracle Linux yum server repositories, you should create a temporary yum repository configuration file at /etc/yum.repos.d/ol6-temp.repo with the following as the minimum required content:

Then reinstall the oraclelinux-release-el6 package to restore the default yum configuration:

For more information on manually setting up Oracle Linux yum server repository configuration files, see https://yum.oracle.com/getting-started.html.

You can enable or disable repositories in each repository configuration file by setting the value of the enabled directive to 1 or 0 for each repository listed in the file, as required. The preferred method of enabling or disabling repositories under Oracle Linux 6 is to use the yum-config-manager command provided in the yum-utils package.

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Use this procedure to install Oracle Linux and configure your Linux installation for security errata or bug fix updates using the Oracle Linux yum server.

Obtain Oracle Linux DVDs from Oracle Store, or download Oracle Linux from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud:

Oracle Software Delivery Cloud website:

Install Oracle Linux from the ISO or DVD image.

Download the yum repository file for your Linux distribution from the following URL using the instructions you can find on the Oracle Linux yum server website:

Ensure that the public_olrelease_latest file (for example, public_ol6_latest for Oracle Linux 6) is enabled, because this is the repository that contains the Oracle Preinstallation RPM.

(Optional) Edit the repo file to enable other repositories. For example, enable the repository public_ol6_latest by setting enabled=1 in the file with a text editor.

Run the command yum repolist to verify the registered channels.

Start a terminal session and enter the following command as root , depending on your platform. For example:

Oracle Linux 6 and Oracle Linux 7:

Use the -y option if you want yum to skip the package confirmation prompt.

You should see output indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Linux channel, and that packages are being installed.

Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations. If you plan to use job-role separation, then create the extended set of database users and groups depending on your requirements.

After installation, run the command yum update as needed to obtain the most current security errata and bug fixes for your Oracle Linux installation.

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ChapterВ 2В Creating Software Channels and Repositories

This chapter describes how to create software channels in Oracle Linux Manager. Client systems subscribe to channels to obtain packages and errata. Each channel is associated with at least one repository that defines the source of the packages and errata.

The examples in this chapter use the Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) and the Oracle Linux yum server. However, you can also use Oracle Linux Manager to obtain software packages from other internal or external sources.

If you are using Oracle Linux 8, note the limitations of channel manipulation if channels contain modules. See Known Issues in Oracle Linux Manager in Oracle В® Linux Manager: Release Notes.

2.1В About Software Channel Configuration

ULN has more than 100 unique channels for supported architectures. To access ULN, go to https://linux.oracle.com/.

ULN provides an ol N _ arch _[baseos]_latest label for the repository that includes all of the latest versions of the packages in a distribution, including any errata that are also provided in the patch channel.

The inclusion of baseos in the label applies only to Oracle Linux 8.

If no vulnerabilities have been found in a package, the package version might be the same as the version that was included in the original distribution. For other packages, the version is the same as the version that is provided in the patch channel for the highest update level. For example, for Oracle Linux 8 using the x86_64 architecture, the ol8_x86_64_baseos_latest channel contains a combination of the ol8_x86_64_u1_baseos_base as well as the ol8_x86_64u1_baseos_patch channels.

Do not register an Oracle Linux Manager server or client with ULN. Instead, register an Oracle Linux Manager server as a client of itself to receive updates.

The Oracle Linux yum server provides the ol N _latest label for the repository that includes all of the packages for an entire Oracle Linux release, in addition to the ol N _u N _base repository for each update.

Some channels, such as the patch channel, and those for DTrace userspace, Ksplice, and OFED are available on ULN, but not the Oracle Linux yum server.

ULN also provides older versions of packages that are added to a parent channel. The _archive suffix is usually added to the channel for which it hosts archive packages. For example, the _latest channels have equivalent _latest_archive channels to host older versions of packages that have been updated in the _latest channels.

Packages are moved to an archive channel when newer versions of the same packages are added to the parent channel. The addition of archive channels helps keep the metadata for the parent channel manageable and also keeps the overall size of the channel to a minimum. If you require an earlier version of a package, you can subscribe to the equivalent _archive channel to obtain it. When performing an installation or downgrade, you must specify the version of the package that you want to install.

Avoid installing packages from an _archive channel. Doing so might result in your system running software that has since been patched for security related issues. Your system becomes exposed to vulnerabilities that could be exploited for malicious purposes.

ULN also provides base and patch channels for each update of an Oracle Linux release. Depending on the Oracle Linux release, other channels might provide the latest packages for additional features such as DTrace user-space, Ksplice, and the OpenFabric Enterprise Edition (OFED) feature. The Oracle Linux yum server, however, does not provide patch channels for updates.

Other channels might also be available, such as _beta channels for beta versions of packages.

As each new, major version or minor update of Oracle Linux becomes available, Oracle creates new base and patch channels for each supported architecture to distribute new packages. The existing base and patch channels for the previous versions or updates remain available and do not include the new packages. The _latest channel distributes the latest possible version of any package, and tracks the top of the development tree independently of the update level.

Oracle recommends that you design a channel configuration that is based on your particular work flow. For example, if you intend to use Oracle Linux Manager’s channel cloning feature to promote systems from development through testing to production, you could configure a base channel and child patch channel together with other child channels.

If you duplicate child channels, you do not need to duplicate their repositories. These channels can use the same repositories as the channel from which they were cloned. For example, each cloned base channel might have a unique addons child channel, but each of the child channels would use the same repository. The packages are not duplicated, even though they are referenced in multiple channels.

To make archive channel content available to local clients, you must first create repositories for each ULN archive channel that you want to synchronize, then map these repositories to the software channels that you have created in Oracle Linux Manager.

If necessary, you can maintain the latest channels separately, without subscribing any systems to these channels. If the need arises, you can copy errata packages form the latest channels to the patch channels to make the latest fixes available.

You do not need to associate a software channel with a repository if you want to create custom channels that obtain their packages by methods such as rhnpush or uploading by using the web interface. These methods enable you to serve locally developed and packaged software that has no upstream repository.

For a complete description of the main channels that are available on ULN, see the chapter on ULN registration in Oracle В® Linux: Unbreakable Linux Network User’s Guide for Oracle Linux 6 and Oracle Linux 7.

2.2В Configuring Software Channels for ULN

Oracle Linux Manager servers and clients must not be registered with ULN. Instead, register an Oracle Linux Manager server as a client of itself to receive updates. Oracle Linux Manager contains a ULN plug-in for the spacewalk-repo-sync tool. The plug-in enables you to synchronize software channels without having to register Oracle Linux Manager server with ULN.

To configure the plug-in:

Grant read-write permissions to /etc/rhn/spacewalk-repo-sync/uln.conf .

Edit the file by adding your SSO login user name and password for ULN:

Revert the file’s permissions to read-only.

(Optional) Verify that the read-only permission has been restored to the file.

Ensure that this file has read-only permissions by root to protect your ULN credentials.

After you have have configured the ULN plug-in, you can use either the Oracle Linux Manager web interface, the spacecmd command, or the spacewalk-common-channels command to create Oracle Linux Manager software channels, repositories, and activation keys.

Although the spacewalk-common-channels configures software channels to access the Oracle Linux yum server, you can configure the repository entries to access ULN instead. For example, if you want to use the Oracle Linux base and patch channels for an Oracle Linux release update on ULN, reconfigure the base software channel to access the base channel and create an additional child channel and associated repository entry for the patch channel.

2.3В Obtaining Packages From the Oracle Linux Yum Server

Use the spacewalk-common-channels command to configure software channels that use the Oracle Linux yum server. This command also enables you to configure repositories, GPG keys, and activation keys for Oracle Linux releases.

To list the available channels, use the —list option:

Unlike ULN, the Oracle Linux yum server does not provide patch channels for each update of an Oracle Linux release. Instead, the spacewalk-common-channels command configures the base (parent) software channel to use the ol N _latest repository, which includes all of the packages for the entire release.

Some ULN channels, such as those for DTrace userspace, Ksplice, and OFED, are not available on the Oracle Linux yum server.

For example, you would create the software channels for Oracle Linux 8 (x86_64) as follows:

The -k unlimited option specifies that the command should create an activation key with no limit on the number of servers with which you can use it. Otherwise, no activation key is activated.

See the following for more information and instructions:

After you have set up the software channels and repositories, download the packages by synchronizing the software channels with the Oracle Linux yum server. See SectionВ 2.6, вЂњSynchronizing Software ChannelsвЂќ.

2.4В Configuring Oracle Linux Manager Repositories

Oracle Linux Manager repositories define where to obtain packages from ULN or the Oracle Linux yum server.

For ULN, an Oracle Linux Manager repository specifies the URL of a ULN channel in the following format:

To obtain a list of available ULN channel labels, do the following:

On the Channels page, select the release and architecture from their respective pull-down menus.

The resulting page displays the channels, their labels, and their descriptions. The URL for Oracle Linux 8 Application Stream Packages (x86_64) channel, for example, would be uln:///ol8_x86_64_appstream .

For the Oracle Linux yum server, an Oracle Linux Manager repository specifies the URL of a repository in the following format:

To obtain the correct URL for a repository, do the following:

At https://yum.oracle.com/, select your Oracle Linux release from the list of repositories, for example, Oracle Linux 7 .

From the list of latest packages, click the link to the packages that corresponds to your system’s architecture, for example, x86_64.

A list of the RPM packages is displayed. The page also includes the Direct YUM Repository URL of the repository you are viewing.

For Oracle Linux 8 repository access, you must install the appropriate release-el8 packages and enable any repositories to which you require access prior to configuring yum repositories.

For more detailed information about DNF and Yum repository configuration in Oracle Linux 8, see Oracle В® Linux 8: Managing Software on Oracle Linux. See also the dnf(5) manual page.

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