Mac os linux port

The MacPorts Project

The MacPorts Project Official Homepage

The MacPorts Project is an open-source community initiative to design an easy-to-use system for compiling, installing, and upgrading either command-line, X11 or Aqua based open-source software on the Mac operating system. To that end we provide the command-line driven MacPorts software package under a 3-Clause BSD License, and through it easy access to thousands of ports that greatly simplify the task of compiling and installing open-source software on your Mac.

We provide a single software tree that attempts to track the latest release of every software title (port) we distribute, without splitting them into “stable” Vs. “unstable” branches, targeting mainly macOS Mojave v10.14 and later (including macOS Big Sur v11 on both Intel and Apple Silicon). There are thousands of ports in our tree, distributed among different categories, and more are being added on a regular basis.

Getting started

For information on installing MacPorts please see the installation section of this site and explore the myriad of download options we provide and our base system requirements.

If you run into any problems installing and/or using MacPorts we also have many options to help you, depending on how you wish to get get in touch with us. Other important help resources are our online documentation, A.K.A The MacPorts Guide, and our Trac Wiki server & bug tracker.

rd international MacPorts Meeting in Slovenia from 11 th -16 th October. Interested developers and users can follow our wiki page for more information.

Getting involved: Students

A good way for students to get involved is through the Google Summer of Code. GSoC is a program to encourage students’ participation in Open Source development and offers a stipend to work on the project with an organization for three months. MacPorts has been participating in the program since 2007! We shall participate next year as well. You may find past GSoC projects here.

We have a list of ideas with possible tasks for MacPorts and additional information about the process at wiki/SummerOfCode. We are always open to new ideas. Research on the idea, draft an initial proposal and get it reviewed.

Getting involved

There are many ways you can get involved with MacPorts and peer users, system administrators & developers alike. Browse over to the “Contact Us” section of our site and:

• Explore our mailing lists, either if it is for some general user support or to keep on top of the latest MacPorts developments and commits to our software repository.
• Check out our Support & Development portal for some bug reporting and live tutorials through the integrated Wiki server.
• Or simply come join us for a friendly IRC chat if you wish for more direct contact with the people behind it all.

If on the other hand you are interested in joining The MacPorts Project in any way, then don’t hesitate to contact the project’s management team, “PortMgr”, to explain your particular interest and present a formal application. We’re always looking for more helping hands that can extend and improve our ports tree and documentation, or take MacPorts itself beyond its current limitations and into new areas of the vast software packaging field. We’re eager to hear from you!

Copyright © 2002–2021, The MacPorts Project. All rights reserved.

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The MacPorts Project

Quickstart

1. Install Xcode and the Xcode Command Line Tools
2. Agree to Xcode license in Terminal: sudo xcodebuild -license
3. Install MacPorts for your version of the Mac operating system:
   • macOS Big Sur v11
   • macOS Catalina v10.15
   • macOS Mojave v10.14
   • Older OS? See here.

Installing MacPorts

MacPorts version 2.7.1 is available in various formats for download and installation (note, if you are upgrading to a new major release of macOS, see the migration info page):

• “pkg” installers for Big Sur, Catalina, and Mojave, for use with the macOS Installer. This is the simplest installation procedure that most users should follow after meeting the requirements listed below. Installers for legacy platforms High Sierra, Sierra, El Capitan, Yosemite, Mavericks, Mountain Lion, Lion, Snow Leopard, Leopard and Tiger are also available.
• In source form as either a tar.bz2 package or a tar.gz one for manual compilation, if you intend to customize your installation in any way.
• Git clone of the unpackaged sources, if you wish to follow MacPorts development.
• The selfupdate target of the port(1) command, for users who already have MacPorts installed and wish to upgrade to a newer release.

Checksums for our packaged downloads are contained in the corresponding checksums file.

The public key to verify the detached GPG signatures can be found under the attachments section on jmr’s wiki page. (Direct Link).

Please note that in order to install and run MacPorts on macOS, your system must have installations of the following components:

Apple’s Xcode Developer Tools (version 12.2 or later for Big Sur, 11.3 or later for Catalina, 10.0 or later for Mojave, 9.0 or later for High Sierra, 8.0 or later for Sierra, 7.0 or later for El Capitan, 6.1 or later for Yosemite, 5.0.1 or later for Mavericks, 4.4 or later for Mountain Lion, 4.1 or later for Lion, 3.2 or later for Snow Leopard, or 3.1 or later for Leopard), found at the Apple Developer site, on your Mac operating system installation CDs/DVD, or in the Mac App Store. Using the latest available version that will run on your OS is highly recommended, except for Snow Leopard where the last free version, 3.2.6, is recommended.

With Xcode 4 and later, users need to accept the Xcode EULA by either launching Xcode or running:

Apple’s Command Line Developer Tools, which can be installed on recent OS versions by running this command in the Terminal:

Older versions are found at the Apple Developer site, or they can be installed from within Xcode back to version 4. Users of Xcode 3 or earlier can install them by ensuring that the appropriate option(s) are selected at the time of Xcode’s install («UNIX Development», «System Tools», «Command Line Tools», or «Command Line Support»).

(Optional) The X11 windowing environment, for ports that depend on the functionality it provides to run. You have multiple choices for an X11 server:

• Install the xorg-server port from MacPorts (recommended).
• The XQuartz Project provides a complete X11 release for macOS including server and client libraries and applications.
• Apple’s X11.app is provided by the “X11 User” package on older OS versions. It is always installed on Lion, and is an optional installation on your system CDs/DVD with previous OS versions.

macOS Package (.pkg) Installer

The easiest way to install MacPorts on a Mac is by downloading the pkg or dmg for Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, High Sierra, Sierra, El Capitan, Yosemite, Mavericks, Mountain Lion, Lion, Snow Leopard, Leopard or Tiger and running the system’s Installer by double-clicking on the pkg contained therein, following the on-screen instructions until completion.

This procedure will place a fully-functional and default MacPorts installation on your host system, ready for usage. If needed your shell configuration files will be adapted by the installer to include the necessary settings to run MacPorts and the programs it installs, but you may need to open a new shell for these changes to take effect.

The MacPorts “ selfupdate ” command will also be run for you by the installer to ensure you have our latest available release and the latest revisions to the “Portfiles” that contain the instructions employed in the building and installation of ports. After installation is done, it is recommended that you run this step manually on a regular basis to to keep your MacPorts system always current:

At this point you should be ready to enjoy MacPorts!

Type “ man port ” at the command line prompt and/or browse over to our Guide to find out more information about using MacPorts. Help is also available.

Source Installation

If on the other hand you decide to install MacPorts from source, there are still a couple of things you will need to do after downloading the tarball before you can start installing ports, namely compiling and installing MacPorts itself:

1. “ cd ” into the directory where you downloaded the package and run “ tar xjvf MacPorts-2.7.1.tar.bz2 ” or “ tar xzvf MacPorts-2.7.1.tar.gz ”, depending on whether you downloaded the bz2 tarball or the gz one, respectively.
2. Build and install the recently unpacked sources:
   • cd MacPorts-2.7.1
   • ./configure && make && sudo make install

   Optionally:

   • cd ../
   • rm -rf MacPorts-2.7.1*

These steps need to be perfomed from an administrator account, for which “ sudo ” will ask the password upon installation. This procedure will install a pristine MacPorts system and, if the optional steps are taken, remove the as of now unnecessary MacPorts-2.7.1 source directory and corresponding tarball.

To customize your installation you should read the output of “ ./configure —help | more ” and pass the appropriate options for the settings you wish to tweak to the configuration script in the steps detailed above.

You will need to manually adapt your shell’s environment to work with MacPorts and your chosen installation prefix (the value passed to configure ‘s —prefix flag, defaulting to /opt/local ):

• Add $/bin and $/sbin to the start of your PATH environment variable so that MacPorts-installed programs take precedence over system-provided programs of the same name.
• If a standard MANPATH environment variable already exists (that is, one that doesn’t contain any empty components), add the $/share/man path to it so that MacPorts-installed man pages are found by your shell.
• For Tiger and earlier only, add an appropriate X11 DISPLAY environment variable to run X11-dependent programs, as Leopard takes care of this requirement on its own.

Lastly, you need to synchronize your installation with the MacPorts rsync server:

Upon completion MacPorts will be ready to install ports!

It is recommended to run the above command on a regular basis to keep your installation current. Type “ man port ” at the command line prompt and/or browse over to our Guide to find out more information about using MacPorts. Help is also available.

Git Sources

If you are developer or a user with a taste for the bleeding edge and wish for the latest changes and feature additions, you may acquire the MacPorts sources through git. See the Guide section on installing from git.

Purpose-specific branches are also available at the https://github.com/macports/macports-base/branches url.

Alternatively, if you’d simply like to view the git repository without checking it out, you can do so via the GitHub web interface.

Selfupdate

If you already have MacPorts installed and have no restrictions to use the rsync networking protocol (tcp port 873 by default), the easiest way to upgrade to our latest available release, 2.7.1, is by using the selfupdate target of the port(1) command. This will both update your ports tree (by performing a sync operation) and rebuild your current installation if it’s outdated, preserving your customizations, if any.

Other Platforms

Running on platforms other than macOS is not the main focus of The MacPorts Project, so remaining cross-platform is not an actively-pursued development goal. Nevertheless, it is not an actively-discouraged goal either and as a result some experimental support does exist for other POSIX-compliant platforms such as *BSD and GNU/Linux.

The full list of requirements to run MacPorts on these other platforms is as follows (we assume you have the basics such as GCC and X11):

• Tcl (8.4 or 8.5), with threads.
• mtree for directory hierarchy.
• rsync for syncing the ports.
• cURL for downloading distfiles.
• SQLite for the port registry.
• GNUstep (Base), for Foundation (optional, can be disabled via configure args).
• OpenSSL for signature verification, and optionally for checksums. libmd may be used instead for checksums.

Normally you must install from source or from an git checkout to run MacPorts on any of these platforms.

Help on a wide variety of topics is also available in the project Guide and through our Trac portal should you run into any problems installing and/or using MacPorts. Of particular relevance are the installation & usage sections of the former and the FAQ section of the Wiki, where we keep track of questions frequently fielded on our mailing lists.

If any of these resources do not answer your questions or if you need any kind of extended support, there are many ways to contact us!

Copyright © 2002–2021, The MacPorts Project. All rights reserved.

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Ports Open (Networking)

What ports are open for hacking on my Mac and Linux machine?

Here is how to see what ports are open listening on a server.

This is perhaps the most important potential vulnerability.

Having ports listenting to outside traffic also takes CPU effort, which consumes electricity and thus reduce battery life.

Ports

PAT (Port Address Translation) maps ports.:

• 0 — 1023 = well-know ports
• 1024 — 49141 = Registered ports (1433 for MS SQL, 1431 for Oracle SQL, etc.)
• 49152 — 54535 65535 = dynamic ports

Port 3389 is used for communicating with Microsoft’s RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) on Windows machines. See My notes on Windows RDP.

Common TCP Ports in layer 4: REMEMBER

80/443 = HTTPS (Secure, encrypted)

21/990 = FTP and FTPS which adds SSL & TLS to encrypt

3389 = RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) from Microsoft

143/993 = IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) files remain on server / TLS

No port for ICMP RFC 792 Pings RFC 1122 as it’s in IP transport layer

389/646 = LDAP / Secure LDAP

88 = Kerberos (Windows)

445 = SMB (Server Message Block) from Azure Files

548 = AFP (Apple Filing Protocol) https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Apple_Filing_Protocol elim. for AppleTalk

• 8080, 8081 = Limits Microservice
• 8888 = Spring Cloud Config server
• 8000,8001,8002,… = Currency Exhange Microservice
• 8100,8101,8102,… = Currency Conversion Microservice
• 8761 = Netflix Eureka Naming Server
• 8765 = API Gateway
• 9411 = Zipkin Distributed Tracing Server

IP header protocol field REMEMBER

• 1 = ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
• 2 = IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) to estab. multicaset group transmitted to at once
• 6 = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• 17 = UDP (User Datagram Protocol) used by VOIP
• 115 = L2TP (Layer 2)

Spotlight on Network Utility to List Ports

Apple’s macOS Spotlight is like Window’s Search omni-box. *

Press Command+Spacebar.

Type the name of utilities that are buried, such as Network Utility.

Click the keyboard return/enter key to launch the Network Utility app.

Select the «Port Scan» tab.

Enter the IP (such as 127.0.0.1), localhost, or domain name you wish to scan for open ports.

Choose scan to see what ports the server responds to.

List open files = lsof

In a Terminal command line:

PROTIP: If you’ll be using this often, create an alias such as of .

“lsof” is a contraction for “list open files”. Without any options specifications, lsof lists all open files belonging to all active processes.

“-nP” is a combination of “n” for no resolution of IPs to hostnames using DNS and “P” for no resolution of Port names from numbers.

This is because the command already takes several seconds to run.

“+c 15” specifies command width of 15.

Piping to grep filters out only lines containing “LISTEN”.

NOTE: All options are shown by this command:

Drag your Terminal window wider to remove word-wrap.

“FD” column lists File Descriptors. “u” is for read and write mode. “r” for read only, “w” for write-only.

Linux requires root on operations for well-known ports below 1024.

Protocols

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is the most commonly used protocol on the Internet and any TCP/IP network. TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent. Guaranteed communication/delivery is the key difference between TCP and UDP on ort 53.

UDP (Datagram Protocol) is connectionless and does not guarantee reliable communication; it’s up to the application that received the message to process any errors and verify correct delivery. UDP is often used with time-sensitive applications, such as audio/video streaming, where dropping some packets is preferable to waiting for delayed data.

Processes Tour

NOTE: Drag the scroll bar to see what is beyond what is displayed.

mongod is MongoDB listening on port 27017.

I should keep that closed unless I need it.

In Node, close all connections when the app closes completely:

2BUA8C4S2C

When I search for “2BUA8C4S2C” I see “2BUA8C4S2C.com.agilebits” in folder /Users/mac/Library/Group Containers

This says This port is used only on the loopback interface (127.0.0.1) for the 1Password extension to talk to the 1Password Agent. It should be safe to firewall it from any sources other than 127.0.0.1. If you do a packet capture on lo0 and then filter by tcp.port == 6258 you can see what traffic is being passed. Nothing is transmitted in the clear.

Skype I don’t mind keeping open. I use it a lot.

Dropbox — why does it need to be kept open?

I’ll use just their web page when I need it.

Resilio\x20Sync I used once to get a file.

In Resilio Preferences, uncheck “Start Resilio Sync on startup”.

SketchMirrorHel

XMPP ports 56989 and 56990

For a list of processes on Mac:

Don’t visit http://www.westwind.com/reference/OS-X/background-processes.html

ftp (tftp) should not appear.

Scan other machines

brew install nmap

(Zenmap is the GUI)

There are a lot of options

nmap -h

nmap [scan type] [options]

There are a lot of options

nmap -h

Scan for vulnerabilities using nmap scripts.

Scan for vulnerabilities using vulnerability scanners:

Scans for versions of applications and operating systems. Compare those against known vulnerabilities and exploits.

Devices on the Internet with open ports are indexed by Shodan.io.

SNR (software defined radios)

Resources

Learn basic hardware hacking with UbertoothOne and HackRF One.

Network Intrusion detection systems (NIDS)

AlienVault Open Source SIEM (OSSIM) with Open Threat Exchange (OTX) Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) software.

Honeypots

Commercial Honeypot software:

• Fortinet – FortiDeceptor
• Attivio — BOTsink
• Fidelis – Fidelis Deception
• TrapX– DeceptionGrid
• Illusive – Illusive Platform

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