Linux запуск mate команда

Raspberry Pi энтузиаст

Raspberry Pi по-русски

Устанавливаем Gnome 2 на Raspberry Pi

Gnome 2 на сегодняшний день одна из самых популярных сред рабочего стола для Linux. К сожалению, разработка этой версии в настоящее время прекращена. Существует побочная ветка разработки этой среды — MATE, которая, говоря рекламными терминами, является «интуитивной и притягательной средой рабочего стола».

Подробнее о MATE

Лучшее место, где можно почитать о MATE — это официальный сайт проекта. На этом сайте есть информация о проекте, информация по установке MATE, а также форум, где можно задать любые вопросы об этом проекте.

Установка MATE

Самый простой способ установить MATE — это скачать образ SD карты с Raspbian и уже установленной средой рабочего стола. Сделать это можно здесь.

Установка MATE с помощью apt-get

Добавьте дополнительный репозиторий в файл «/etc/apt/sources.list»:

Теперь выполните следующие команды:

Запуск MATE

Запуск MATE с помощью startx

Для того, чтобы запустить MATE, добавьте следующую строку:

/.xinitrc и затем, запускайте:

Запуск MATE автоматически при загрузке системы

Если в вашей системе до сих пор не установлен дисплейный менеджер, то установите LightDM:

Использование MATE

Основные сведения по использованию MATE можно получить из руководства пользователя Gnome 2.32 (прим. переводчика: к сожалению, руководство пользователя для 2-й версии уже удалили). Обратите внимание, что в MATE изменены названия некоторых программ.

Приложения MATE

Основные приложения Gnome 2 были переименованы в MATE по причине лицензионных ограничений. Ниже список переименованных программ:

• Nautilus переименован в caja
• Metacity переименован в marco
• Gconf переименован в mate-conf

Остальные приложения и компоненты, в названии которых было слово Gnome (такие как Gnome Panel, Gnome Menus и прочие) просто сменили название на аналогичное со словом MATE (т.е. стали MATE Panel и MATE Menus).

Не все остальные приложения Gnome2 (сделанные под GTK2) были перенесены в MATE. Список перенесенных программ:

• Totem (mate-video-player)
• Eye of GNOME (mate-image-viewer)
• Gedit (mate-text-editor)
• File Roller (mate-file-archiver)
• GNOME Panel applets (mate-applets)
• GNOME Terminal (mate-terminal)

Улучшение производительности

В начальной конфигурации MATE потребляет большое количество оперативной памяти (порядка 175 Мб при загрузке) и работает медленно. Однако, с помощью различных настроек можно заставить MATE работать на Raspberry Pi достаточно быстро. Ниже следуют некоторые ссылки (на английском языке), которые помогут настроить MATE для работы на Raspberry Pi:

Прочие настройки

Отключаем всплывающие подсказки

Для программы MATE Panel и её апплетов:

Откройте на редактирование (создайте если он отсутствует) файл «

/.gtkrc-2.0» и добавьте в него следующую строку:

Включаем режим пониженного потребления ресурсов

Оконный менеджер Marco имеет режим пониженного потребления ресурсов, при котором во время перемещения окна отрисовывается только рамка окна, без содержимого. В то время, когда режим включен, потребление процессорного времени уменьшается, т.к. при перемещении окна нет необходимости перерисовывать содержимое. Также в этом режиме отключается всякая анимация окон.

Для того, чтобы включить этот режим, используйте следующую команду:

Отключение показа значков в меню

Некоторые пункты меню имеют графический значок рядом с текстом. Для отключения этой функции и уменьшения нагрузки на процессор выполните следующую команду:

Также, для отключения показа значков можно использовать инструмент настройки, который находится в меню Система — Параметры.

Настройка тем оформления MATE

Одной из приятных функций MATE является использование большого набора тем оформления Gnome 2, доступных в интернете. Эти темы помогут улучшить внешний вид рабочего стола MATE. Для демонстрации этого темы Bisigi Project были портированы в среду MATE и доступны через репозитарии.

Здесь можно посмотреть, какие существуют темы оформления и затем установить любую с помощью команды apt-get. Не забудьте перед установкой выполнить команду apt-get update для того, чтобы обновить список доступных пакетов.

Некоторые из этих тем содержат файлы SVG и другие функции, замедляющие работу MATE. Насколько необходимо использовать эти темы решать вам.

Источник

Linux запуск mate команда

The MATE Desktop Environment is the continuation of GNOME 2. It provides an intuitive and attractive desktop environment using traditional metaphors for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. MATE is under active development to add support for new technologies while preserving a traditional desktop experience.

Contents

Installation

MATE is available in the official repositories and can be installed with one of the following:

• The mate group contains the core desktop environment required for the standard MATE experience.
• The mate-extra group contains additional utilities and applications that integrate well with the MATE desktop. Installing just the mate-extra group will not pull in the whole mate group via dependencies. If you want to install all MATE packages then you will need to explicitly install both groups.

MATE applications

MATE is largely composed of GNOME 2 applications and utilities, forked and renamed to avoid conflicting with their GNOME 3 counterparts. Below is a list of common GNOME applications which have been renamed in MATE.

Application	GNOME 2	MATE
Menu editor	Alacarte	mozo
File manager	Nautilus	caja
Window manager	Metacity	marco
Text editor	Gedit	pluma
Image viewer	Eye of GNOME	Eye of MATE ( eom )
Document viewer	Evince	atril
Archive manager	File Roller	engrampa

Other applications and core components prefixed with GNOME (such as GNOME Terminal, GNOME Panel, GNOME Menus, etc.) have had the prefix changed to MATE so they become MATE Panel, MATE Menus etc.

Additional MATE packages

There are a number of other unofficial MATE applications that are contributed to and maintained by the MATE community and therefore not included in the mate or mate-extra groups.

• Dock Applet — Application dock for the MATE panel.

https://github.com/robint99/dock-applet || mate-applet-dock

• Online Radio Applet — A MATE panel applet to let you play your favourite online radio station with a single click.

http://www.zavedil.com/online-radio-applet/ || mate-applet-streamer

• MATE Menu — Advanced menu for MATE Panel, a fork of MintMenu.

https://github.com/ubuntu-mate/mate-menu || mate-menuAUR

• MATE Tweak — Tweak tool for MATE, a fork of mintDesktop.

https://github.com/ubuntu-mate/mate-tweak || mate-tweakAUR

• BriskMenu — Modern, efficient menu for the MATE Desktop Environment from SolusOS distribution.

https://github.com/getsolus/brisk-menu || brisk-menuAUR

Additional packages need to be installed to take advantage of some of Caja’s advanced features — see File manager functionality.

Starting MATE

Choose MATE from the menu in a display manager of choice.

Alternatively, to start MATE with startx, append exec mate-session to your

/.xinitrc file. See xinitrc for details, such as preserving the logind session.

Configuration

MATE can be configured with its Control Center application (mate-control-center) provided by the mate-control-center package. To manage some hardware, you may need to install additional tools.

Audio ALSA and PulseAudio backends are supported by the mate-media package. Bluetooth For Bluetooth device support, install the blueman package. See Blueman. Networking For configuring the network, install the network-manager-applet package. See NetworkManager. Power UPower backend is supported by the mate-power-manager package. Printers For configuring the printers, install the system-config-printer package.

Accessibility

MATE is well suited for use by individuals with sight or mobility impairment. Install orca , espeak (Screen reader for individuals who are blind or visually impaired) and onboard (On-screen keyboard useful for mobility impaired users)

Before starting MATE for the first time, enter the following command as the user who needs accessibility features:

Once you start MATE, you can configure the accessibility applications via System > Preferences > Assistive Technologies, although if you need Orca, you will need to run it from the Alt-F2 run window in order to start getting speech.

Notifications

To disable the notification on battery discharge, run:

Tips and tricks

Disabling compositing

Compositing is enabled by default. To disable it, navigate to Look and Feel > Windows > General in the System Preferences and tick the box alongside Enable software compositing window manager. Alternatively, you can run the following from the terminal:

Disabling new window centering

By default, new windows are placed in the center. To disable centering new windows, navigate to run Windows > Placement in the System Preferences and tick the box alongside Center new windows. Alternatively, you can run the following from the terminal:

Disabling window snapping

Window snapping is enabled by default. To disable it, navigate to run Windows > Placement in the System Preferences and tick the box alongside Enable window tiling. Alternatively, you can run the following from the terminal:

Undecorating maximized windows

Hiding the decorations of maximized windows is possible with the use of mate-tweak AUR tool; after installation navigate to Look and Feel > MATE Tweak > Windows in the System Preferences and enable Undecorate maximized windows in the Window Behaviour section.

Show or hide desktop icons

By default, MATE shows multiple icons on the desktop: the content of your desktop directory, computer, home and network directories, the trash and mounted drives. You can show or hide them individually or all at once using gsettings .

Hide all desktop icons

Doing so may cause some graphics artifacts on secondary monitors.

Hide individual icons

Hide computer icon:

Hide user directory icon:

Hide network icon:

Hide trash icon:

Hide mounted volumes:

Replace false with true for the icons to reappear.

Use a different window manager

The marco window manager can be replaced with another window manager via either of the following methods:

Using gsettings (recommended)

Execute the following to specify a different window manager for MATE:

Using MATE session autostart

You can autostart a window manager of your choice using mate-session-properties. This means that the autostarted window manager will replace the default window manager at login. Navigate to Startup Applications in the System Preferences. In the dialog click Add. The command should take the syntax wm-name —replace .

Prevent Caja from managing the desktop

To prevent Caja from managing the desktop, execute the following:

Change window decoration button order

You can change the button order using the graphical dconf-editor or the gsettings command line tool:

and put menu, close, minimize and maximize in your desired order, separated by commas. The colon is used to specify on which side of the titlebar the window buttons will appear and must be used for the changes to apply.

Auto open file manager after drive mount

By default, MATE automatically opens a new file manager window when a drive is mounted. To disable this:

And to disable automounting:

Screensaver

MATE uses mate-screensaver to lock your session. By default there are a limited number of screensavers available. To make more screensavers available, install the mate-screensaver-hacks AUR package. This will allow you to use XScreenSaver screensavers with mate-screensaver .

Spatial view in Caja

To ensure that each new folder opens in a new window (known as spatial view), open Caja’s preferences dialog, click on the behaviour tab and tick the ‘Open each folder in its own window’ option. Alternatively, execute the following command which achieves the same effect:

Change font DPI setting

You can alter the DPI (dots per inch) of the fonts in MATE by right-clicking on the desktop and choosing Change desktop background > Fonts > Details > Resolution.

Change applications menu icon

By default, the applications menu icon is set to start-here . To use a different icon, copy your icon to a folder such as /usr/local/share/pixmaps and execute the following:

where icon is the name of your icon. Do not include the file extension in the icon name. Finally, restart MATE Panel.

Panel speed settings

To adjust the amount of time it takes for the panel to disappear or reappear when autohide is enabled, execute the following:

where panel is either top or bottom and time is a value in miliseconds, e.g. 300.

To set the speed at which panel animations occur, execute the following:

where panel is either top or bottom and value is either «‘fast'» , «‘medium'» or «‘slow'» .

Set the terminal for caja-open-terminal

The caja-open-terminal extension uses GSettings to determine which terminal to use — mate-terminal is the default. To change the terminal that will be used, run the following command

where my-terminal is the name of the terminal executable to be launched, for example: xterm.

Troubleshooting

Toggling compositing

Some software may have issues rendering graphics when working on an environment using the nvidia proprietary drivers and a compositing window manager.

To easily toggle the compositing feature, save the following script somewhere within the Home directory, e.g.

and then create a custom keyboard shortcut that executes the file, e.g. Ctrl+Alt+C , to sh

Vertical sync for compositing

Mate’s window manager, marco, supports tear-free software compositing via DRI3/Xpresent. [1]

If your graphics driver does not support DRI3 (e.g. the Nvidia Proprietary driver), marco does not support vertical synchronization via OpenGL, which may cause video tearing with enabled compositing. [2] In this case, consider a different composite manager with OpenGL support such as Compton.

Consistent cursor theme

Use of gradient backgrounds with LightDM

If you wish to use the default MATE (1.8) Stripes background as the LightDM background as well so as to make for seamless transition from LightDM to MATE, you will find that it is runtime-constructed from a grayscale PNG upon which MATE layers a vertical blue-to-green gradient, something which LightDM does not currently support. If insistent, you can work around this by temporarily setting /org/mate/desktop/background/show-desktop-icons to false , either through the dconf-editor tool available from the System Tools menu or by running

from the Alt-F2 Run Application dialog, then running killall mate-panel from said dialog and hitting Print Screen before the panel reappears. You are then presented with a Save As dialog for exactly that fully rendered, screen-sized PNG that you need for LightDM. Run

to have your desktop icons reappear, if desired.

Enabling panel shadow

Due to a race condition, the panel shadow does not appear after logging in to the MATE desktop, even with compositing enabled. [3]

Copy /usr/share/applications/marco.desktop and add a delay:

If this has no effect, increase the delay duration.

Disabling scroll in taskbar

A feature of the MATE panel window list is that windows can be scrolled through using the mouse or touchpad. This feature may be troublesome for some as there is potential for accidental, unintended scrolling through windows.

Whilst there is no way of disabling this feature through MATE’s settings, this feature can be disabled by patching libwnck3 using the Arch Build System; in this case, rebuild libwnck3 with the following patch. For more information on rebuilding packages with patches applied, see Patching in ABS#Applying patches.

Logout/shutdown delayed by at-spi-registryd

When logging out or shutting down, you may find that you are presented with an A program is still running: at-spi-registryd.desktop popup. As a workaround, you can prevent at-spi-registryd from starting — see GTK#Suppress warning about accessibility bus — though this may have an effect on some accessibility features.

Caja’s text file preview

Since the migration to GTK 3 this feature is not working.[4]

GTK 2 applications seem to ignore default MATE themes

Themes that come with mate-themes need optional dependencies gtk-engines and gtk-engine-murrine for GTK 2 themes to function properly.

Speaker test does not work

For PulseAudio backend, install libcanberra ‘s optional dependency libcanberra-pulse [broken link: package not found] .

Extra decoration on CSD applications

An extra decoration can appear on CSD applications (Firefox, Visual Studio Code. ) when they are unmaximized.[5]

Uninstalling the package mate-netbook solves the issue.

Источник