Linux key to pem

amolkhanorkar / Convert openssl .key file to .pem

For converting .key file to .pem file,

Your keys may already be in PEM format, but just named with .crt or .key.

If they begin with ——BEGIN and you can read them in a text editor (they use base64, which is readable in ASCII, not binary format), they are in PEM format.

If the file is in binary, for the server.crt, you would use

openssl x509 -inform DER -outform PEM -in server.crt -out server.crt.pem

For server.key, use openssl rsa in place of openssl x509.

The server.key is likely your private key, and the .crt file is the returned, signed, x509 certificate.

If this is for a Web server, and you cannot specify loading a separate private and public key, you may need to concatenate the two files. For this use: cat server.crt server.key > server.includesprivatekey.pem. I would recommend naming files with «includesprivatekey» to help you manage the permissions you keep with this file.

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jwalker5006 commented Jan 10, 2021

This is maybe true
If the file begins with ——BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY—— then you are good
But if your file starts with ——BEGIN PRIVATE KEY——

True PEM Format
Then you need to run the following openssl command
openssl rsa -in C:\Certificates\localPrivateKeyfile.key -text > privateKeyFileInPemFormat.pem

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seyitahmettanriver commented Mar 4, 2021

Eğer ÖZEL SSL KULLANIYORSA .PEM ÇEVİRMEK İÇİN İZLENEKCEK YOLLAR;

openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -out certificate.pem -outform PEM
openssl rsa -in private.key -text > privatekey.pem

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OpenSSL – How to convert SSL Certificates to various formats – PEM CRT CER PFX P12 & more How to use the OpenSSL tool to convert a SSL certificate and private key on various formats (PEM, CRT, CER, PFX, P12, P7B, P7C extensions & more) on Windows and Linux platforms

Table of Contents

In this post, part of our “how to manage SSL certificates on Windows and Linux systems” series, we’ll show how to convert an SSL certificate into the most common formats defined on X.509 standards: the PEM format and the PKCS#12 format, also known as PFX. The conversion process will be accomplished through the use of OpenSSL, a free tool available for Linux and Windows platforms.

Before entering the console commands of OpenSSL we recommend taking a look to our overview of X.509 standard and most popular SSL Certificates file formats – CER, CRT, PEM, DER, P7B, PFX, P12 and so on.

Installing OpenSSL

The first thing to do is to make sure your system has OpenSSL installed: this is a tool that provides an open source implementation of SSL and TLS protocols and that can be used to convert the certificate files into the most popular X.509 v3 based formats.

OpenSSL on Linux

If you’re using Linux, you can install OpenSSL with the following YUM console command:

If your distribution is based on APT instead of YUM, you can use the following command instead:

OpenSSL on Windows

If you’re using Windows, you can install one of the many OpenSSL open-source implementations: the one we can recommend is Win32 OpenSSL by Shining Light Production, available as a light or full version, both compiled in x86 (32-bit) and x64 (64-bit) modes . You can install any of these versions, as long as your system support them.

OpenSSL is basically a console application, meaning that we’ll use it from the command-line: after the installation process completes, it’s important to check that the installation folder (C:\Program Files\OpenSSL-Win64\bin for the 64-bit version) has been added to the system PATH (Control Panel > System> Advanced > Environment Variables): if it’s not the case, we strongly recommend to manually add it, so that you can avoid typing the complete path of the executable everytime you’ll need to launch the tool.

Once OpenSSL will be installed, we’ll be able to use it to convert our SSL Certificates in various formats.

From PEM (pem, cer, crt) to PKCS#12 (p12, pfx)

This is the console command that we can use to convert a PEM certificate file (.pem, .cer or .crt extensions), together with its private key (.key extension), in a single PKCS#12 file (.p12 and .pfx extensions):

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Convert .pem to .crt and .key

Can anyone tell me the correct way/command to extract/convert the certificate .crt and private key .key files from a .pem file? I just read they are interchangable, but not how.

7 Answers 7

I was able to convert pem to crt using this:

Converting Using OpenSSL

These commands allow you to convert certificates and keys to different formats to make them compatible with specific types of servers or software.

Convert a DER file (.crt .cer .der) to PEM

Convert a PEM file to DER

Convert a PKCS#12 file (.pfx .p12) containing a private key and certificates to PEM

Convert a PEM certificate file and a private key to PKCS#12 (.pfx .p12)

Convert PEM to CRT (.CRT file)

OpenSSL Convert PEM

Convert PEM to DER

Convert PEM to P7B

Convert PEM to PFX

OpenSSL Convert DER

Convert DER to PEM

OpenSSL Convert P7B

Convert P7B to PEM

Convert P7B to PFX

OpenSSL Convert PFX

Convert PFX to PEM

Generate rsa keys by OpenSSL

Using OpenSSL on the command line you’d first need to generate a public and private key, you should password protect this file using the -passout argument, there are many different forms that this argument can take so consult the OpenSSL documentation about that.

This creates a key file called private.pem that uses 1024 bits. This file actually have both the private and public keys, so you should extract the public one from this file:

You’ll now have public.pem containing just your public key, you can freely share this with 3rd parties. You can test it all by just encrypting something yourself using your public key and then decrypting using your private key, first we need a bit of data to encrypt:

You now have some data in file.txt, lets encrypt it using OpenSSL and the public key:

This creates an encrypted version of file.txt calling it file.ssl, if you look at this file it’s just binary junk, nothing very useful to anyone. Now you can unencrypt it using the private key:

You will now have an unencrypted file in decrypted.txt:

RSA TOOLS Options in OpenSSL

NAME

rsa — RSA key processing tool

SYNOPSIS

openssl rsa [-help] [-inform PEM|NET|DER] [-outform PEM|NET|DER] [-in filename] [-passin arg] [-out filename] [-passout arg] [-aes128] [-aes192] [-aes256] [-camellia128] [-camellia192] [-camellia256] [-des] [-des3] [-idea] [-text] [-noout] [-modulus] [-check] [-pubin] [-pubout] [-RSAPublicKey_in] [-RSAPublicKey_out] [-engine id]

DESCRIPTION

The rsa command processes RSA keys. They can be converted between various forms and their components printed out. Note this command uses the traditional SSLeay compatible format for private key encryption: newer applications should use the more secure PKCS#8 format using the pkcs8 utility.

COMMAND OPTIONS

This specifies the input format. The DER option uses an ASN1 DER encoded form compatible with the PKCS#1 RSAPrivateKey or SubjectPublicKeyInfo format. The PEM form is the default format: it consists of the DER format base64 encoded with additional header and footer lines. On input PKCS#8 format private keys are also accepted. The NET form is a format is described in the NOTES section.

This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the -inform option.

This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be prompted for.

the input file password source. For more information about the format of arg see the PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS section in openssl.

This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output if this option is not specified. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be prompted for. The output filename should not be the same as the input filename.

the output file password source. For more information about the format of arg see the PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS section in openssl.

These options encrypt the private key with the specified cipher before outputting it. A pass phrase is prompted for. If none of these options is specified the key is written in plain text. This means that using the rsa utility to read in an encrypted key with no encryption option can be used to remove the pass phrase from a key, or by setting the encryption options it can be use to add or change the pass phrase. These options can only be used with PEM format output files.

prints out the various public or private key components in plain text in addition to the encoded version.

this option prevents output of the encoded version of the key.

this option prints out the value of the modulus of the key.

this option checks the consistency of an RSA private key.

by default a private key is read from the input file: with this option a public key is read instead.

by default a private key is output: with this option a public key will be output instead. This option is automatically set if the input is a public key.

like -pubin and -pubout except RSAPublicKey format is used instead.

specifying an engine (by its unique id string) will cause rsa to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine, thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default for all available algorithms.

NOTES

The PEM private key format uses the header and footer lines:

The PEM public key format uses the header and footer lines:

The PEM RSAPublicKey format uses the header and footer lines:

The NET form is a format compatible with older Netscape servers and Microsoft IIS .key files, this uses unsalted RC4 for its encryption. It is not very secure and so should only be used when necessary.

Some newer version of IIS have additional data in the exported .key files. To use these with the utility, view the file with a binary editor and look for the string «private-key», then trace back to the byte sequence 0x30, 0x82 (this is an ASN1 SEQUENCE). Copy all the data from this point onwards to another file and use that as the input to the rsa utility with the -inform NET option.

EXAMPLES

To remove the pass phrase on an RSA private key:

To encrypt a private key using triple DES:

To convert a private key from PEM to DER format:

To print out the components of a private key to standard output:

To just output the public part of a private key:

Output the public part of a private key in RSAPublicKey format:

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How to get .pem file from .key and .crt files?

How can I create a PEM file from an SSL certificate?

These are the files that I have available:

10 Answers 10

Your keys may already be in PEM format, but just named with .crt or .key.

If the file’s content begins with ——BEGIN and you can read it in a text editor:

The file uses base64, which is readable in ASCII, not binary format. The certificate is already in PEM format. Just change the extension to .pem.

If the file is in binary:

For the server.crt, you would use

For server.key, use openssl rsa in place of openssl x509 .

The server.key is likely your private key, and the .crt file is the returned, signed, x509 certificate.

If this is for a Web server and you cannot specify loading a separate private and public key:

You may need to concatenate the two files. For this use:

I would recommend naming files with «includesprivatekey» to help you manage the permissions you keep with this file.

I needed to do this for an AWS ELB. After getting beaten up by the dialog many times, finally this is what worked for me:

Edit: As @floatingrock says

With AWS, don’t forget to prepend the filename with file:// . So it’ll look like:

/Desktop/server.crt —private-key file://

/Desktop/private.key —path /cloudfront/static/

A pem file contains the certificate and the private key. It depends on the format your certificate/key are in, but probably it’s as simple as this:

Additionally, if you don’t want it to ask for a passphrase, then need to run the following command:

this is the best option to create .pem file

I was trying to go from godaddy to app engine. What did the trick was using this line:

Exactly as is, but replacing name with my domain name (not that it really even mattered)

And I answered all the questions pertaining to common name / organization as www.name.com

Then I opened the csr, copied it, pasted it in go daddy, then downloaded it, unzipped it, navigated to the unzipped folder with the terminal and entered:

Then I used these instructions from Trouble with Google Apps Custom Domain SSL, which were:

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