Kali linux оконный менеджер

Настройка VNC сервера в Kali с использованием systemd (для оконного менеджера MATE)

Kali Linux постоянно улучшается и изменяется, поэтому приходится писать похожие статьи. В этот раз рассмотрим обновленный VNC сервер и автоматический запуск его из нового системного менеджера — systemd. Данная статья заменяет вторую часть статьи SSH сервер и VNC сервер в Kali 2 и Kali 2016.
Будем считать, что оконный менеджер MATE уже установлен, если он не установлен, то его можно установить командой:

apt-get install mate-desktop-environment

Один раз запускаем vncserver:

При первом запуске сервер попросит указать пароль для входа.

После первого запуска завершаем vncserver:

vncserver -kill :1

И переходим к настройке:

Открываем файл /etc/X11/Xvnc-session
Находим строку:

test x»$1″ = x»» && set — default

и после нее дописываем:

unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
export SHELL=/bin/bash
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1

#! /bin/sh
test x»$SHELL» = x»» && SHELL=/bin/bash
test x»$1″ = x»» && set — default

unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
export SHELL=/bin/bash
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1

vncconfig -iconic &
$SHELL -l

Теперь нужно создать сервис для systemd. Для сервиса создадим файл /etc/systemd/system/vncserver.service и запишем в него:

[Unit] Description=TightVNC remote desktop server
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service] Type=forking
PAMname=login
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver -depth 16 -geometry 1360×768 :10000
User=root

Описание параметров сервиса systemd:

Description — описание сервиса;
After — после каких сервисов должен запускаться наш сервис;
Type=forking — сервис запускается однократно и процесс может разветвляться.
PAMname=login — используемый PAM сервис;
Restart=on-failure — перезапускать сервис в случае ошибки.
ExecStart — команда для запуска сервиса;
User — от имени какого пользователя происходит запуск сервиса;
WantedBy — многопользовательский режим без графики.

Описание параметров запуска vncserver:

-depth 16 — глубина цвета (возможно 8,16,24,32 бита);
-geometry 1360×768 — разрешение экрана;
:10000 — номер виртуального экрана. Порт подключения будет 5900 + номер экрана.

Полное описание всех параметров systemd можно прочитать тут.

Включим автозагрузку сервиса:

systemctl enable vncserver.service

и запустим сервис:

sudo systemctl start vncserver.service

Теперь можно подключаться к Kali по протоколу VNC.

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Customizing Kali Linux

By Daniel Ruiz de Alegría, art designer on the Kali Linux project

We added Xfce as the new default desktop environment in Kali Linux for the 2019.4 release. One of the key benefits of Xfce, in terms of customization, is that it is a fully modular desktop. You can use all kinds of programs to change its behavior and appearance.

While we think Kali looks impressive out of the box, we know users love to customize. In this post, I’ll show you some tricks to customize the new Xfce desktop and help you make your computer stand out.

General Tips and Tricks

We’ll start by providing a few general tips, then demonstrate some examples.

Changing the theme to dark/light

Changing Kali’s look isn’t overly complicated, but if you are switching the dark/light theme or want to install a new one, you need to know which settings will make the whole desktop look uniform. Those are the following:

• Appearance theme
• Icon theme
• Window Manager theme
• Terminal color scheme
• Text editor color scheme

General script

With these scripts you can quickly switch between Kali’s light/dark themes. The only thing you need to change manually is qterminal’s color scheme.

Light theme

xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Net/IconThemeName -s Flat-Remix-Blue-Light

xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Net/ThemeName -s Kali-Light

xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/theme -s Kali-Light

gsettings set org.xfce.mousepad.preferences.view color-scheme Kali-Light

Dark theme

xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Net/IconThemeName -s Flat-Remix-Blue-Dark

xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Net/ThemeName -s Kali-Dark

xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/theme -s Kali-Dark

gsettings set org.xfce.mousepad.preferences.view color-scheme Kali-Dark

Transparent panel

Xfce-panel settings allows you to modify each panel configuration separately (right-click over the panel → Panel → Panel preferences).

Once you’ve selected the one you want to modify, go to the Appearance tab, change the Background→Style setting to Solid color and use the color selector that will appear below. In case you want to adjust its opacity or make it completely transparent, move the slider located under the color box.

If you also want to remove the panel’s shadow, open the Window Manager Tweaks application, and, inside the Compositor section, disable the Show shadows under dock windows check-box. Alternatively, you can use the following command:

Change the menu icon

Right-click over the menu icon → Properties

The icon selector will show you all the icons already installed on your computer, but, if you want, you can use a custom image as well. Here are the ones I’ve used:

Improve the taskbar with Plank

Plank is a customizable dock.

Plank is meant to be the simplest dock on the planet. The goal is to provide just what a dock needs and absolutely nothing more.

You can install plank via apt:

The only tricky part is that you need to configure it to launch on login. To do so, open the Session and Startup application and add Plank to the autostart list.

As with Xfce-panel, you will need to disable dock shadows. Otherwise, it will draw a shadow line in the middle of your desktop.

Window Manager Tweaks → Compositor → disable Show shadows under dock windows

Tip: If you want to open Plank settings, press Ctrl + Right-click over it. You can change the theme and make it completely transparent.

Numerical workspace switcher

In many cases, the numerical workspace switcher looks better than the miniature view. To configure it, disable the Show miniature view inside the widget’s settings (right-click it → Preferences). Then, open the workspace settings and manually replace their names with numbers.

Tip: If you want to increase the button dimension, add some spaces to each side of the workspace name. You don’t need to do it with all of them, only with one, and the rest will use the same size.

Window animations using Compton

Xfce uses Xfwm4 as the default display compositor, which fulfills its function, still being lightweight enough. But, it lacks all the animations of the modern desktops, which makes it look outdated. Hopefully, as I mentioned before, Xfce is a modular desktop, thus you can replace it with a different display compositor, such as Compton.

It is crucial to disable Xfwm compositing before launching Compton (inside Window Manager Tweaks → Compositor), and you will need to add it to the autostart list as well. I also recommend disabling the Draw frame around selected window while cycling option. Alternatively, you can use the following command:

Restore Kali’s default appearance

If you want to undo all the visual changes that you’ve applied to your desktop, simply run:

/.config/xfce4/ && sudo reboot

Some customization examples

Bear in mind all customizations are based using Kali’s default settings as the start point. Therefore, it may be easier to follow these customizations after restoring desktop defaults.

• Theme: Kali-Dark
• Wallpaper: kali-rings
• Panel settings:

• Theme: Kali-Light
• Wallpaper: kali-small-logo
• Font Family: Quicksand Medium Bold
• Panel settings:

• Theme: Kali-Dark
• Wallpaper: kali-small-logo
• Desktop Icons:
  • Icons orientation: Bottom Right Vertical
• Window Manager settings:
  • Title alignment: Left
  • Move window close/maximize/minimize buttons to the left side
    These settings allow you to save some vertical space, as the title-bar and the panel will be joined when the window is maximized.
    
• Plank settings:
  • Theme: Transparent
  • Position: Left
  • Alignment: Center
  • Icon Size: 48
  • Icon Zoom: Enabled
  • Behaviour:
    • Hide Dock: Enabled – Intellihide
• Panel settings:

• Theme: Kali-Dark
• Wallpaper: New wallpaper! included below
• Plank settings:
  • Theme: Transparent
  • Position: Bottom
  • Alignment: End
  • Icon Size: 64
  • Icon Zoom: Disabled
  • Behaviour:
    • Hide Dock: Enabled – Intellihide
• Panel settings:

Wallpaper

You can also find more by doing either:

sudo apt install -y kali-community-wallpapers

sudo apt install -y kali-legacy-wallpapers

Awesome terminal graphical tools

I promise, I was only going to talk about desktop customizations. But after adding all the screenshots with the terminal windows, I needed to share the tools I was using.

To stylize the terminal a bit more, I like to hide the menu bar and increase the terminal’s transparency to 15%. You can find both settings inside the preferences window with right-click → Preferences, in the Appearance section.

There, you need to uncheck the Show the menu bar box and change the transparency values. For this, you will find two different values: the Application transparency will change the whole window opacity, and the Terminal transparency will only change the area of the terminal.

This is an interactive process viewer and process manager.

gotop

This terminal-based graphical activity monitor doesn’t appear in the screenshots, but many people asked me about it in other pictures I’ve posted, so I thought it would be great to add it.

sudo apt install -y golang

go get github.com/cjbassi/gotop

go run github.com/cjbassi/gotop

neofetch

This is the command line system information tool I use.

lolcat

Get rainbows and unicorns! This tool commonly appears used together with neofetch, adding a stunning rainbow effect to its output.

How have you customized Kali Linux?

It’s time for you to go forth and customize! If you use any of the tips in this post, we’d love to see the results. Share a screenshot and tag us on Twitter: Kali Linux or Offensive Security.

Daniel Ruiz de Alegría (DяA) is a computer geek passionate about anything related to technology, from software to hardware. He loves programming as well as designing, and believes that even the simplest projects deserve an awesome design. His role in Kali Linux is to ensure everything looks stunning. Visit his website, or connect with him on Twitter: @dani_ruiz24

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